ARU Harvard
ARU students are now required to use the Cite Them Right style of Harvard referencing, see our Cite Them Right page.The full guide has two sections. In the first part we show you how to cite a reference in the text of your assignment, in the second part we have included instructions for each of the main source types such as books or web pages. Examples are given in red. Any similarities with published works are coincidental.
For more advice on academic writing, please visit the Study Skills Plus Canvas page.
MAIN GUIDE PART 1: IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Secondary sources (second-hand references)
You may come across a summary of another author's work in the source you are reading, which you would like to make reference to in your own piece of work, this is called secondary referencing.
A direct in-text reference:
In this example, Brown is the work which you wish to refer to, but have not read directly for yourself. Bassett is the secondary source, where you found the summary of Brown's work.
An indirect in-text citation would be:
It is important to realise that Bassett may have taken Brown's ideas forward, and altered their original meaning. If you need to cite a secondary reference it is recommended that, where possible, you read the original source for yourself rather than rely on someone else's interpretation of a work. For this reason it is best to avoid using secondary referencing.
The reference list at the end of your document should only contain works that you have read. In the above example you would only list the work by Bassett.
A direct in-text reference:
Research recently carried out in the Greater Manchester area by Brown (1966 cited in Bassett, 1986, p.142) found that ...
In this example, Brown is the work which you wish to refer to, but have not read directly for yourself. Bassett is the secondary source, where you found the summary of Brown's work.
An indirect in-text citation would be:
(Brown, 1966 cited in Bassett, 1986, p.142)
It is important to realise that Bassett may have taken Brown's ideas forward, and altered their original meaning. If you need to cite a secondary reference it is recommended that, where possible, you read the original source for yourself rather than rely on someone else's interpretation of a work. For this reason it is best to avoid using secondary referencing.
The reference list at the end of your document should only contain works that you have read. In the above example you would only list the work by Bassett.