ARU Harvard
ARU students are now required to use the Cite Them Right style of Harvard referencing, see our Cite Them Right page.The full guide has two sections. In the first part we show you how to cite a reference in the text of your assignment, in the second part we have included instructions for each of the main source types such as books or web pages. Examples are given in red. Any similarities with published works are coincidental.
For more advice on academic writing, please visit the Study Skills Plus Canvas page.
MAIN GUIDE PART 1: IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Chapter authors in edited works
References to the work of an author that appears as a chapter, or part of a larger work, that is edited by someone else, should be cited within your text using the name of the contributory author not the editor of the whole work.
In the reference at the end of your document, you should include details of both the chapter author followed by the details of the entire work
In his work on health information, Smith (1975) states ...
In the reference at the end of your document, you should include details of both the chapter author followed by the details of the entire work
Smith, J., 1975. A source of information. In: W. Jones, ed. 2000. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ch.2
MAIN GUIDE PART 2: THE REFERENCE LIST
USING BOOKS, JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS
Books which are edited
For books which are edited give the editor(s) surname(s) and initials, followed by ed. or eds..
The required elements for a reference are:
Author, Initials., ed., Year. Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher.
The required elements for a reference are:
Author, Initials., ed., Year. Title of book. Edition. Place: Publisher.
Keene, E. ed., 1988. Natural language. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.
Silverman, D.F. and Propp, K.K. eds., 1990. The active interview. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Allouche, Jose. ed., 2006. Corporate social responsibility, Volume 1: concepts, accountability and reporting. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Silverman, D.F. and Propp, K.K. eds., 1990. The active interview. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
Allouche, Jose. ed., 2006. Corporate social responsibility, Volume 1: concepts, accountability and reporting. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chapters of edited books
For chapters of edited books the required elements for a reference are:
Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials., Year of chapter. Title of chapter followed by In: Book editor(s) initials first followed by surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name. Year of book. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Chapter number or first and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
References
An in-text reference for the above example would read:
Chapter author(s) surname(s) and initials., Year of chapter. Title of chapter followed by In: Book editor(s) initials first followed by surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name. Year of book. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. Chapter number or first and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
References
Samson, C., 1970. Problems of information studies in history. In: S. Stone, ed. 1980. Humanities information research. Sheffield: CRUS. pp.44-68.
Smith, J., 1975. A source of information. In: W. Jones, ed. 2000. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ch.2.
Smith, J., 1975. A source of information. In: W. Jones, ed. 2000. One hundred and one ways to find information about health. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ch.2.
An in-text reference for the above example would read:
(Samson, 1970)
(Smith, 1975)
(Smith, 1975)
USING OTHER SOURCE TYPES
Quotations from written plays
When reviewing a number of different plays it is essential to cite the title of the plays. If reviewing one play (for example Twelfth Night), it is not necessary to repeat the title in your citations.
Published plays may contain line numbers, particularly in classic texts such as Shakespeare. If they exist it is good practice to include the line number. Act and Scene numbers must always be included.
Classic plays are available in edited editions and the editor's name should be included with your reference.
The required elements for a reference are:
Author, Initials., Year (of edition). Title of play. Edited by (name of editor, initials first, then surname). Place of publication: Publisher.
In-text:
After the date, add Act.Scene: line number(s). Line numbers may not be available, Act.Scene should always be included.
Published plays may contain line numbers, particularly in classic texts such as Shakespeare. If they exist it is good practice to include the line number. Act and Scene numbers must always be included.
Classic plays are available in edited editions and the editor's name should be included with your reference.
The required elements for a reference are:
Author, Initials., Year (of edition). Title of play. Edited by (name of editor, initials first, then surname). Place of publication: Publisher.
Shakespeare, W., 1995. Twelfth Night. Edited by R. Warren and T. Wells. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
In-text:
After the date, add Act.Scene: line number(s). Line numbers may not be available, Act.Scene should always be included.
Much speculation has occurred when Malvolio imagines he might marry Olivia, "there is example for't; the Lady of the Strachy married the yeoman of the wardrobe" (Shakespeare, 1995, 2.5: 36-7).
Poems
The required elements for a poem are:
Poem author(s) surname(s) and initials., Year of poem if given/or publication date. Title of poem. In: Book author/compiler/editor(s) initials first followed by surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name if edited book. Year of book. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. First and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
Poem author(s) surname(s) and initials., Year of poem if given/or publication date. Title of poem. In: Book author/compiler/editor(s) initials first followed by surnames with ed. or eds. after the last name if edited book. Year of book. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher. First and last page numbers followed by full-stop.
Hughes, T. 2012. Wild West. In: P. Keegan, ed. 2012. Collected poems of Ted Hughes. London: Faber and Faber. pp.9-10.