ARU Harvard
ARU students are now required to use the Cite Them Right style of Harvard referencing, see our Cite Them Right page.The full guide has two sections. In the first part we show you how to cite a reference in the text of your assignment, in the second part we have included instructions for each of the main source types such as books or web pages. Examples are given in red. Any similarities with published works are coincidental.
For more advice on academic writing, please visit the Study Skills Plus Canvas page.
IMAGES
DVD, video or film
The required elements for a reference are:
Full title of DVD or video. Year of release. [type of medium] Director. (if relevant) Country of origin: Film studio or maker. (Other relevant details).
For a film the suggested elements should include:
Title, Year of release. [medium] Director. Country of origin: Film studio.
For film accessed via a streaming service:
An in-text reference for the above example would read:
Full title of DVD or video. Year of release. [type of medium] Director. (if relevant) Country of origin: Film studio or maker. (Other relevant details).
Great films from the 80s. 2005. [DVD] New York: Warner Brothers.
Health for all children 3: the video. 2004. [video] London: Child Growth Foundation. (Narrated by D.B.M. Hall).
Health for all children 3: the video. 2004. [video] London: Child Growth Foundation. (Narrated by D.B.M. Hall).
For a film the suggested elements should include:
Title, Year of release. [medium] Director. Country of origin: Film studio.
Macbeth, 1948. [film] Directed by Orson Welles. USA: Republic Pictures
For film accessed via a streaming service:
The Peanut Butter Falcon, 2019. [film] Directed by Tyler Nilson and Michael Schwartz. Available through: Netflix [Accessed 12 August 2020].
An in-text reference for the above example would read:
Macbeth (1984) was an adaption of Shakespeare's tragedy directed by and starring Orson Welles.
Pictures, Images and Photographs
The suggested elements for a reference are:
Artist/Photographer's name (if known), Year of production. Title of image. [type of medium] Collection Details as available (Collection, Document number, Geographical Town/Place: Name of Library/Archive/Repository).
When using an image from a book or journal article, an in text reference should be included and a full reference included at the end of the piece of work. Look for the name of the image creator - either beneath the image, in the text, or in a list of figures, or copyright statement. If there is no author or artist given for the image, it is fair to assume the image was created by the author(s) of the book or journal article.
For an image with a creator who is not the author of your source.
In-text
The full reference
For an image created by the author(s) of the book or article.
In-text
Include the page number in your in-text citation. The full reference would be the reference to the book or journal article you found the image in.
Artist/Photographer's name (if known), Year of production. Title of image. [type of medium] Collection Details as available (Collection, Document number, Geographical Town/Place: Name of Library/Archive/Repository).
Beaton, C., 1956. Marilyn Monroe. [photograph] (Marilyn Monroe's own private collection).
Beaton, C., 1944. China 1944: A mother resting her head on her sick child's pillow in the Canadian Mission Hospital in Chengtu. [photograph] (London, Imperial War Museum Collection).
Beaton, C., 1944. China 1944: A mother resting her head on her sick child's pillow in the Canadian Mission Hospital in Chengtu. [photograph] (London, Imperial War Museum Collection).
When using an image from a book or journal article, an in text reference should be included and a full reference included at the end of the piece of work. Look for the name of the image creator - either beneath the image, in the text, or in a list of figures, or copyright statement. If there is no author or artist given for the image, it is fair to assume the image was created by the author(s) of the book or journal article.
For an image with a creator who is not the author of your source.
In-text
(Degas, 1883 reproduced in Terrasse, 1972, p.41)
The full reference
Terrasse,A., 1972. Degas. London: Thames and Hudson.
For an image created by the author(s) of the book or article.
In-text
(O'Malley, 2010, p.55)
Include the page number in your in-text citation. The full reference would be the reference to the book or journal article you found the image in.
O'Malley, M., 2010. The wisdom of bees. London: Portfolio.
Online images
For images found on the internet the required elements for a reference are:
Author, Year (image created). Title of work. [type of medium] Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date].
Where the author is not known, begin the reference with the title of the work.
Where none of the usual details are known, (such as author, date, or image title) try to find the filename of the image (for example by right clicking and looking at the properties of the file). If none of the above is available begin the reference with the subject and title of the work.
An in-text reference for the above examples would read:
Author, Year (image created). Title of work. [type of medium] Available at: include web site address/URL (Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date].
Where the author is not known, begin the reference with the title of the work.
Where none of the usual details are known, (such as author, date, or image title) try to find the filename of the image (for example by right clicking and looking at the properties of the file). If none of the above is available begin the reference with the subject and title of the work.
[Child placing gauze over knee wound] n.d. [image online] Available at: < http://www.dadpal.com/2009/12/wounds-care-help-and-wound-vac-therapy.html> [Accessed 01 June 2010].
[Nimbus 1 returned sharp cloud cover photos, plus night time infra red pictures] n.d. [image online] Available at: <http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Nimbus-1_image.jpg> [Accessed 13 November 2008].
Pepsi, 2009. Pepsi can designs. [image online] Available at: <http://www.pepsi.co.uk/MaxYourPepsi.aspx> [Accessed 19 June 2009].
Van Vechten, C., 1934. Man Ray. [photograph] Available at: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Man_Ray_1934.jpg> [Accessed 04 October 2009].
[Nimbus 1 returned sharp cloud cover photos, plus night time infra red pictures] n.d. [image online] Available at: <http://rammb.cira.colostate.edu/dev/hillger/Nimbus-1_image.jpg> [Accessed 13 November 2008].
Pepsi, 2009. Pepsi can designs. [image online] Available at: <http://www.pepsi.co.uk/MaxYourPepsi.aspx> [Accessed 19 June 2009].
Van Vechten, C., 1934. Man Ray. [photograph] Available at: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Man_Ray_1934.jpg> [Accessed 04 October 2009].
An in-text reference for the above examples would read:
(Child placing gauze, n.d.)
(Nimbus 1, n.d.)
(Pepsi, 2009)
(Van Vechten, 1934)
(Nimbus 1, n.d.)
(Pepsi, 2009)
(Van Vechten, 1934)