ARU Harvard
ARU students are now required to use the Cite Them Right style of Harvard referencing, see our Cite Them Right page.The full guide has two sections. In the first part we show you how to cite a reference in the text of your assignment, in the second part we have included instructions for each of the main source types such as books or web pages. Examples are given in red. Any similarities with published works are coincidental.
For more advice on academic writing, please visit the Study Skills Plus Canvas page.
MAIN GUIDE PART 1: IN-TEXT REFERENCING
Websites
To cite material found on a website, you need to identify who is responsible for producing it - the authorship.
This may be a named individual or a corporate author (an organisation, institution or company).
If you cannot see a named author, look for a corporate author. This could be in the website name, the About Us section or in the URL or web address.
The date for a website may not be obvious. Look around the page if it is not in the headline information - it might be at the bottom in the copyright statement.
In this example the authorship would be Mundasad and the date 2016.
An in-text reference for the above examples would read:
This may be a named individual or a corporate author (an organisation, institution or company).
If you cannot see a named author, look for a corporate author. This could be in the website name, the About Us section or in the URL or web address.
The date for a website may not be obvious. Look around the page if it is not in the headline information - it might be at the bottom in the copyright statement.
In this example the authorship would be Mundasad and the date 2016.
An in-text reference for the above examples would read:
Recent research on meningitis (Mundasad, 2016) has shown...
MAIN GUIDE PART 2: THE REFERENCE LIST
USING BOOKS, JOURNALS AND NEWSPAPERS
General guidelines, layout and punctuation
The purpose of a reference list is to enable sources to be easily traced by another reader. Different types of publication require different amounts of information but there are certain common elements such as authorship, year of publication and title, which should be included.
The Harvard style lays down standards for the order and content of information in the reference. Some variations of presentation are acceptable provided that they are used consistently.
All items should be listed alphabetically by author or authorship, regardless of the format, whether books, websites or journal articles etc. Where there are several works from one author or source they should by listed together, in date order, with the earliest work listed first.
The Harvard style lays down standards for the order and content of information in the reference. Some variations of presentation are acceptable provided that they are used consistently.
All items should be listed alphabetically by author or authorship, regardless of the format, whether books, websites or journal articles etc. Where there are several works from one author or source they should by listed together, in date order, with the earliest work listed first.
USING ELECTRONIC SOURCES
Websites
For websites found on the internet the required elements for a reference are:
Authorship or Source, Year. Title of web document or web page. [type of medium] (date of update if available) Available at: include web address/URL * [Accessed date].
*URL means Uniform Resource Locator - an address identifying the location of a file on the Internet
If a URL is exceedingly long, or the result of a personal search on a website, you can give the website's home page address with the routing or web path, showing your reader how to get from the home page to the specific page you have referenced.
It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the first page of any web pages you use.
Authorship or Source, Year. Title of web document or web page. [type of medium] (date of update if available) Available at: include web address/URL * [Accessed date].
NHS Evidence, 2003. National Library of Guidelines. [online] Available at: <http://www.library.nhs.uk/guidelinesFinder> [Accessed 10 October 2009].
Foundation for Economic Education(FEE), 2014. England's Whetstone named FEE's first "Blinking Lights" award recipient.. [online] Available at: < http://www.fee.org/publications/detail/englands-whetstone-namedfees-first-blinking-lights-award-recipient> [Accessed 16 July 2014].
*URL means Uniform Resource Locator - an address identifying the location of a file on the Internet
If a URL is exceedingly long, or the result of a personal search on a website, you can give the website's home page address with the routing or web path, showing your reader how to get from the home page to the specific page you have referenced.
It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the first page of any web pages you use.
Publications available from websites
For publications found on the internet the required elements for a reference are:
Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document. [type of medium] Place: Producer/Publisher. Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date].
It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the first page of any web pages you use
Author or corporate author, Year. Title of document. [type of medium] Place: Producer/Publisher. Available at: include web site address/URL(Uniform Resource Locator) [Accessed date].
Boots Group Plc., 2003. Corporate social responsibility. [online] Boots Group Plc. Available at: <http://www.Boots-Plc.Com/Information/Info.Asp?Level1id=447&Level 2id=0>
[Accessed 23 July 2005].
Defoe, D., 1999. The fortunes and the misfortunes of the famous Moll Flanders. [online] Champaign, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Available at: <http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/370> [Accessed 18 November 2005].
Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities, n.d. Healthcare for all. [online] Available at: <http://www.iahpld.org.uk/Healthcare_easy_final.pdf> [Accessed 10 April 2009].
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, 2001. Hypertension in the elderly. (SIGN publication 20) [online] Edinburgh: SIGN (Published 2001) Available at: <http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign49.pdf> [Accessed 17 March 2005].
Defoe, D., 1999. The fortunes and the misfortunes of the famous Moll Flanders. [online] Champaign, Illinois: Project Gutenberg. Available at: <http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/370> [Accessed 18 November 2005].
Independent Inquiry into Access to Healthcare for People with Learning Disabilities, n.d. Healthcare for all. [online] Available at: <http://www.iahpld.org.uk/Healthcare_easy_final.pdf> [Accessed 10 April 2009].
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines, 2001. Hypertension in the elderly. (SIGN publication 20) [online] Edinburgh: SIGN (Published 2001) Available at: <http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign49.pdf> [Accessed 17 March 2005].
It is good practice to keep in your files a copy of the first page of any web pages you use